STOCKHOLM, Sweden (AP) -- Doris Lessing, author of dozens of works from short stories to science fiction, including the classic "The Golden Notebook," won the Nobel Prize for literature Thursday. The judges praised her "skepticism, fire and visionary power."
2007年诺贝尔奖授予给关注女性体验的"史诗诗人"--87岁的英国作家多丽丝·莱辛。她的获奖原因是，“因其将自已的怀疑，激情以及想象力投入在对分裂的文明的审视上”。

Lessing was awarded the Nobel for her writing on the "female experience."

The Swedish academy's announcement was stunning even by the standards of Nobel judges, who have been known for such surprises as Austria's Elfriede Jelinek and Italy's Dario Fo.

Lessing, less than two weeks short of her 88th birthday, is the oldest choice ever for a prize that usually goes to authors in their 50s and 60s. Although she is widely celebrated for "The Golden Notebook" 《金色笔记》and other works, she has received little attention in recent years and has been criticized as strident and eccentric.

Swedish Academy Permanent Secretary Horace Engdahl was not able to reach Lessing before announcing the prize in Stockholm, but reporters waiting outside her brick rowhouse in North London told her she had won as she pulled up in a black cab, two hours later.
宣布2007年诺贝尔文学家之前，瑞典科学院常务秘书Horace Engdahl找不到Lessing。但是记者们早已在她北伦敦的红砖排屋前等候，两小时之后她搭乘一辆黑色的计程车回家。

"I've won all the prizes in Europe, every bloody one, so I'm delighted to win them all," said Lessing, whose previous honors include the James Tait Black Memorial Book Prize and the W.H. Smith Literary Award. "It's a royal flush."
Lessing说：我获得了欧洲的几乎所有的奖项，很高兴这次全部到手了，抓了个同花顺。

Later, she told reporters: "I thought you were shooting some kind of television series."
她后来告诉记者们：我还以为你们在拍什么电视连续剧呢。

Novelist Shirley Hazzard, winner of the National Book Award in 2003 for "The Great Fire," said Thursday's announcement was a surprise, but a "nice" one. "I admire her writing very much," Hazzard told The Associated Press. "Her intention is not to amuse. She's a serious writer who deals with thing she feels very, very strongly about."

However, American literary critic [email=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom]Harold Bloom[/email] called the academy's decision "pure political correctness."
但是美国的文学批评家Harold Bloom指瑞典科学院的这一决定“完全是政治考虑”。

"Although Ms. Lessing at the beginning of her writing career had a few admirable qualities, I find her work for the past 15 years quite unreadable ... fourth-rate science fiction," Bloom told the AP.
Bloom告诉美联社记者：尽管Lessing早期的作品有一些好的东西。但是我发现她过去15年来写的东西根本没什么好看的，4流的科幻小说。

A largely self-taught author who ended formal schooling in her teens, Lessing has drawn heavily from her time living in Africa, exploring the divide between whites and blacks, most notably in 1950's "The Grass Is Singing," which examined the relationship between a white farmer's wife and her black servant. The academy called it "both a tragedy based in love-hatred and study of unbridgeable racial conflicts."
十几岁就辍学的Lessing完全是自学成才。

A prolific author even in her 80s, Lessing was born to British parents who were living in what is now Bakhtaran, Iran. Her many works include short stories, essays and such novels as "The Good Terrorist" and "Martha Quest," the latter part of her semi-autobiographical "Children Of Violence" series.

But to millions she is known for "The Golden Notebook," published in 1962 and still a feminist classic although Lessing does not consider the book a political statement.

"The burgeoning feminist movement saw it as a pioneering work and it belongs to the handful of books that inform the 20th century view of the male-female relationship," the academy said in its citation announcing the prize.

Lessing was also cited for her "vision of global catastrophe forcing mankind to return to a more primitive life, noting such recent works as "Mara and Dann" and its sequel, "The Story of General Dann and Mara's Daughter, Griot and the Snow Dog," published in 2005.

"When you look at my life, you can go back to the late 1930s," she told the AP in an interview a year ago. "What I saw was, first of all, Hitler, he was going to live forever. Mussolini was in for 10,000 years. You had the Soviet Union, which was, by definition, going to last forever. There was the British empire -- nobody imagined it could come to an end. So why should one believe in any kind of permanence?"
Don't Miss

    * Previous literature laureates
    * Doris Lessing Web site

Lessing is the second British writer to win the prize since 2005, when Harold Pinter received the award. Last year, the academy gave the prize to Turkey's Orhan Pamuk.

A seasoned traveler of the world, Lessing has known many homes, from Persia to Zimbabwe to South Africa to London, where she lives on a quiet block in a neighborhood long favored by artists and intellectuals.

Like Pinter, Pamuk and other recent Nobel winners, Lessing has a history of political controversy. Because of her criticism of the South Africa's former apartheid system, she was prohibited from entering the country between 1956 and 1995. Lessing, a member of the British Communist Party in the 1950s who later rejected leftist ideology, had been active in campaigning against nuclear weapons.

The literature award was the fourth of this year's Nobel Prizes to be announced. On Wednesday, Gerhard Ertl of Germany won the 2007 Nobel Prize in chemistry for studies of chemical reactions on solid surfaces, which are key to understanding such questions as why the ozone layer is thinning. Learn more about the other Nobel Prize winners »

Tuesday, France's Albert Fert and German Peter Gruenberg won the physics award for discovering a phenomenon that enables computers and digital music players store reams of data on ever-shrinking hard disks.

Americans Mario R. Capecchi and Oliver Smithies, and Briton Sir Martin J. Evans, won the medicine award on Monday for groundbreaking discoveries that led to a powerful technique for manipulating mouse genes.
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Prizes for peace and economics will be announced through October 15.

英国女作家多丽丝·莱辛（Doris Lessing，1919—）
　　2007年度诺贝尔文学奖已揭晓，英国女作家多丽丝·莱辛（Doris Lessing）获得该奖。
　　
　　
　　
　　多丽丝·莱辛（Doris Lessing，1919—）为当代英国最重要的作家之一。1962年，她推出《金色笔记》奠定她在西方文坛的地位。被誉为继伍尔芙之后最伟大的女性作家，并几次获得诺贝尔文学奖提名以及多个世界级文学奖项，其风格独特多变，思想深邃，观点犀利，见解新颖，极具挑战性。
　　
　　详细介绍：多丽丝·莱辛（Doris Lessing，1919—）
　　
　　莱辛1919年10月22日生于出生于伊朗，原姓泰勒。父母是英国人。在莱辛5岁时她全家迁往罗得西亚，此后20余年家境贫困。她15岁（又有说是12 —13岁）时因眼疾辍学，在家自修。16岁开始工作，先后当过电话接线员、保姆、速记员等等。她青年时期积极投身反对殖民主义的左翼政治运动，曾一度参加共产党。莱辛曾两次结婚并离异，共有3个孩子。
　　
　　1949年她携幼子移居英国当时两手空空，囊中如洗，全部家当是皮包中的一部小说草稿。该书不久以《青草在歌唱》（1950）为题出版，使莱辛一举成名，它以黑人男仆杀死家境桔据、心态失衡的白人女主人的案件为题材，侧重心理刻画，表现了非洲殖民地的种族压迫与种族矛盾。
　　
　　此后莱辛陆续发表了五部曲《暴力的孩子们》——即《玛莎·奎斯特》（1952）、《良缘》（1954）、《风暴的余波》（1958）、《被陆地围住的》（1965）以及《四门之城》（1969）——以诚实细腻的笔触和颇有印象主义色彩的写实风格展示了一位在罗得西亚长大的白人青年妇女的人生求索。这期间她还完成了一般被公认是她的代表作的《金色笔记》（1962）。
　　
　　大约从六十年代以来，莱辛对当代心理学及伊斯兰神秘主义思想的兴趣在作品中时有体现，但她仍然关注重大的社会问题。七十年代中她撰写了有关个人精神崩溃的《简述下地狱》（1971）及讨论人类文明前途的《幸存着回忆录》（1974）。《黑暗前的夏天》（1973）讲述一位中年家庭主妇的精神危机。
　　
　　此后她另辟蹊径，推出一系列总名为《南船座中的老人星：档案》的所谓“太空小说”；包括《什卡斯塔》（1979）、《第三、四、五区域间的联姻》（1980）、《天狼星试验》（1981）、《八号行星代表的产生》（1982）等，以科幻小说的形式写出了对人类历史和命运的思考与忧虑。莱辛是一位多产作家，除了长篇小说以外，还著有诗歌、散文、剧本，短篇小说中也有不少佳作。近年来仍不断有新作问世。像《简·萨默斯日记》（1984）和《好恐怖分子》（1985）一类作品，就题材和风格而言，似是对作者写实方法的一种回归。
　　
　　
       

　　瑞典文学院在颁奖词中，称莱辛是“女性经历的史诗作者，用怀疑主义、才华激情和预言的力量，来审视被割裂的文明”。颁奖词还提到莱辛的小说《金色笔记》，“在二十世纪那些描述男性女性关系的作品中，是开创性的”。虽然这部一九六二年发表的小说被评论认为是女权主义者的经典作品，但莱辛否认自己是女权主义作家，称《金色笔记》写的是“精神崩溃”主题。
　　
　　1962年，《金色笔记》奠定莱辛在西方文坛的地位。她被誉为继伍尔芙之后最伟大的女性作家，并几次获得诺贝尔文学奖提名以及多个世界级文学奖项，其风格独特多变，思想深邃，观点犀利，见解新颖，极具挑战性。
　　
　　莱辛一九一九年十月二十二日出生在伊朗，父母都是英国人。六岁时，随父母移居津巴布韦。尽管莱辛在非洲度过了艰苦并且不快乐的童年，但在其笔下的非洲，她对英国殖民者的艰难和当地土著的困境都充满了同情。
　　
　　莱辛十五岁时离开教会学校，四处打工谋生，作过秘书、打字员、小职员等。一九四九年，第二次婚姻失败后的莱辛，回到英国定居，并于同年出版了处女作《青草在歌唱》，描写了种族歧视在非洲给白人和黑人带来的悲剧。
　　
　　莱辛随后创作了五部系列的小说《暴力的孩子》，描写了女主人公玛莎在一个充满歧视和不平等社会的艰难历程。上个世纪八十年代，莱辛还创作了一系列科幻小说，如《南船座中的老人星》等，以科幻的形式思考人类历史和命运。在创作了大量小说以外，莱辛还著有诗歌、散文、剧本等。
　　
　　对莱辛的获奖，其经纪人科洛对莱辛获奖表示极为高兴，称莱辛获奖是非常“理所当然”的。
　　
　　莱辛获奖也是英国作家三年内第二次获得诺贝尔奖。二00五年，诺贝尔文学奖授予英国剧作家哈罗德·品特，理由是“他的戏剧发现了在日常废话掩盖下的惊心动魄之处并强行打开了压抑者关闭的房间。”

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